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A cold, also known as the common cold, is a viral infection primarily affecting the upper respiratory tract, including the nose and throat. It is one of the most prevalent illnesses worldwide and is typically caused by rhinoviruses, though other viruses such as coronaviruses and adenoviruses can also be responsible.

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Cold causes

The common cold is primarily caused by viruses, with rhinoviruses being the most common culprits. However, several other viruses can also trigger cold symptoms, including Coronaviruses, Rhinoviruses, Adenoviruses, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and Parainfluenza viruses. Cold viruses are highly contagious and spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. They can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the nose, mouth, or eyes. Because many different viruses can cause colds, it's possible to be infected multiple times throughout one's life, as immunity to one strain does not protect others.

Cold symptoms

The symptoms of a cold typically develop one to three days after exposure to the virus and can last for about a week, though they may persist longer in some cases. Cold viruses are highly contagious and can spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and covering coughs and sneezes, can help prevent the spread of cold viruses. Additionally, getting enough rest, staying hydrated, and using over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms can help manage a cold.

Runny or stuffy nose
Nasal congestion or discharge is a common symptom, often accompanied by sneezing.
Sore throat

It may feel scratchy or irritated, making swallowing uncomfortable.

Cough

A dry or sometimes productive cough can develop as the virus irritates the throat and airways.

Slight fever

Some individuals may experience a mild fever, especially in children, although it's not a universal symptom.

Fatigue

Feeling tired or lethargic is common, as the body works to fight off the infection. Headache: Mild to moderate headaches may occur, often due to congestion or sinus pressure.

Body aches

Some people may experience muscle aches and pains, though these are usually milder compared to more severe illnesses like the flu.

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